PSILOCYBE CUBENSIS ANALYSIS

OVERVIEW:

Psilocybe cubensis is a species of psychedelic mushroom whose principal active compounds are psilocybin and psilocin. Commonly called magic mushrooms, “little flowers”, or gold caps, it belongs to the Hymenogastraceae family of fungi and was previously known as Stropharia cubensis. It is the most well known psilocybin mushroom on earth, mainly due to its wide distribution and ease of cultivation and the availability of its mushroom spores (1). In Albert Hoffmans’ “Plants Of The Gods”, we learn of the earliest isolation of psilocybin. The text notes that in 1957 psilocybin was first isolated from the Psilocybe mexicana mushroom (2). More than 182 species of fungi are known to contain the tryptamine alkaloids psilocin and/or psilocybin. They are known as Agaricales, and include the genera Psilocybe (117 species), Gymnopilus (13 species), Panaeolus (7 species), Copelandia (12 species), Hypholoma (6 species), Pluteus (6 species), Inocybe (6 species), Conocybe (4 species), and Agrocybe, Galerina and Mycena (one each). (3).

PSYCHOTROPIC ANALYSIS:

The psychotropic effects are given by the most important active principles, psilocybin (O-phosphoryl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine). They are indole alkaloids derived from tryptamine with potent agonist activity at 5-HT receptors and were identified in 1958 by the chemist Albert Hofmann (Kirsten & Bernardi, 2010). (4).

WORKED ISOLATIONS:

When you discover appealing cubensis wild mushrooms, you can take this into the lab environment and “domesticate” (5) the species. Through rigorous selective isolations, a stable sample can be obtained. If unique enough, many folk will name the variety, allowing for its distinction against its cubensis counterparts. Spores are the ultimate test for an isolations stability. Once the psilocybin spores collected off an isolated fruit produce growth in congruence to its mother isolation, it can then be considered a “stable isolation”. There is still little understood about the genetic changes that occur in “isolated cubensis varieties”. With Minion sequencers, and other state of the art tools available to the home mycologist, we will continue to work to understand this genetic transition, with hopes of having unsolved mysteries answered soon.

The psychotropic effects are given by the most important active principles, psilocybin (O-phosphoryl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine). They are indole alkaloids derived from tryptamine with potent agonist activity at 5-HT receptors and were identified in 1958 by the chemist Albert Hofmann (Kirsten & Bernardi, 2010). (4).

FLORIDA CUBENSIS:

The great state of Florida offers some of the best wild Psilocybe Cubensis hunting on the planet. For generations, farmers have worked to keep interested minds off their lands and away from their cattle. On dung-rich cattle fields, the cattle, cattle egrets, and the psilocybe cubensis work together forming a symbiotic relationship which allows for a great abundance of the active (6) mushrooms. Psilocybe cubensis spores are present on grasses which cattle graze. Having low acidity in their digestive tracts, the cattles stomach allows the spores to pass through and be left to germinate in the dung patties they are secreted into.

Cattle egrets stay close to the cattle, eating bugs and other small organisms present on the cows backs. Additionally, the egrets enjoy eating the cubensis mushrooms and the dung patties they grow from. As the cattle egrets travel across the state, it is possible that these spores are spread through remains on their feet and beaks, as well as their feces. Through this, we can begin to speculate that the same mother genetics are being spread across the entire state. There is still much to speculate on this subject.